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园艺学报, 2018, 45 (1): 41 50. Acta Horticulturae Sinica doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0085; http: /www. ahs. ac. cn 41 收稿日期 : 2017 06 04; 修回日期 : 2017 12 29 基金项目 : 国家自然科学基金项目( 31601714) ;北京市粮经作物产业创新团队项目( BAIC09-2018) * 通信作者 Author for correspondence( E-mail: zhytao1963126.com) 森林草莓醇酰基转移酶基因 FvAATW2 功能研究 董 静,王桂霞,钟传飞,常琳琳,孙 健,张宏力,孙 瑞,石 琨,隗永青,张运涛*(北京市林业果树科学研究院,北京市草莓工程技术研究中心,农业部华北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,北京 100093) 摘 要: 在从森林草莓( Fragaria vesca L.)成熟果实中克隆到醇酰基转移酶基因( FvAATW2)的基础上, 构建由 CaMV35S 启动子驱动的植物正义表达载体 pBI121-FvAATW2, 在烟草 ( Nicotiana tabacum L.)和草莓( Fragaria ananassa Duch.) Camarosa品种中过量表达 FvAATW2,以研究其功能。采用农杆菌介导的叶盘法转化烟草和草莓;利用 PCR 和 Southern blot 筛选出转基因株系;通过实时定量 PCR 和测定 AAT 酶活性来检测转基因植株中外源基因的表达;利用 SPME/GC MS 方法检测烟草叶片和草莓果实中的挥发性成分。对转基因烟草外源基因表达和早期叶片挥发性成分的检测结果表明,构建的 FvAATW2表达载体功能正常,转基因株系能够在生长早期合成酯类物质;通过检测转基因草莓成熟果实的酯类成分发现,与野生型对照相比,转基因草莓果实中酯类占挥发物的总比例以及乙酸辛酯、己酸乙酯、己酸辛酯、辛酸乙酯等挥发酯的比例显著提高,而丁酸甲酯的含量显著降低,辛酸乙酯的含量显著增加,说明外源 FvAATW2 在草莓中能够正常表达并影响果实酯类合成,从而通过改变挥发性酯类构成使果实香气变浓。 关键词: 森林草莓;醇酰基转移酶;遗传转化;挥发性成分检测;实时定量 PCR 中图分类号: S 668.4 文献标志码: A 文章编号: 0513-353X( 2018) 01-0041-10 Studying Function of Alcohol Acyltransferase Gene FvAATW2 of Fragaria vesca by Over-expressing in Tobacco and Cultivated Strawberry DONG Jing, WANG Guixia, ZHONG Chuanfei, CHANG Linlin, SUN Jian, ZHANG Hongli, SUN Rui,SHI Kun, WEI Yongqing, and ZHANG Yuntao*( Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops( North China) , Ministry of Agriculture, P. R . Chi na,Beijing 100093, China) Abstract: FvAATW2 was an alcohol acyltransferase gene, cloned from Fragaria vesca L. fruits by RT-PCR. In this study, the sense plant expression vector pBI121-FvAATW2 driven by cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was constructed through replacing GUS with FvAATW2, and then was used to genetically transform tobacco and a cultivated strawberry cultivar Camarosa , to study the function of FvAATW2. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 carrying pBI121-FvAATW2 was employed to Dong Jing, Wang Guixia, Zhong Chuanfei, Chang Linlin, Sun Jian, Zhang Hongli, Sun Rui, Shi Kun, Wei Yongqing, Zhang Yuntao. Studying function of alcohol acyltransferase gene fvaatw2 of Fragaria vesca by over-expressing in tobacco and cultivated strawberry. 42 Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2018, 45 (1): 41 50. infect leaf-discs in the genetic transformation. Transgenic lines were identified by both PCR and Southern blot. The expression of exogenous FvAATW2 in transgenic in vitro plants was studied using relative enzyme activity and real-time quantitative PCR. It was found that FvAATW2 expressed in all 6 tested tobacco lines and AAT activity values of 5 lines were higher than wild-type plants. Volatiles in leaves of the transgenic tobacco with the highest AAT activity were also detected by SPME/GC-MS at 10 12 leaves phase. Octyl propanoate was found in transgenic leaves, while not any ester captured in wild-type plants at the same phase. The results showed that pBI121-FvAATW2 functioned correctly and esters could be synthesized much earlier in transgenic tobacco than in wild-type one. Four strawberry transgenic lines were obtained after PCR and Southern blot operation. A transgenic line bearing more aromatic fruits was screened out and used for the volatiles detection. Through analyzing the ester composition of mature transgenic fruits, it was found that the proportion of esters in total volatiles and respective proportions of octyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, octyl hexanoate, and ethyl octanoate were higher significantly than those of wild-type fruits, while mass fraction of methyl butanoate decreased significantly and that of ethyl octanoate increased significantly. It was indicated that exogenous FvAATW2 expressed normally in cultivated strawberry and effected ester synthesis, and it could make fruit aroma intense by changing ester composition. Keywords: Fragaria vesca; alcohol acyltransferase; genetic transformation; volatile detection;real-time qPCR 酯类物质在草莓香气中起重要作用( Larsen Antalick et al., 2010) 丁酸甲酯 Methyl butanoate 2.67 1.07 0.35 0.35 1.26 0.14*0.14 0.14 果味,甜味,菠萝味,青味 Fruity, sweetish, pineapple,green( Ulrich et al., 2007; Olbricht et al., 2008) 丁酸乙酯 Ethyl butanoate 0.64 0.38 1.08 0.26 0.57 0.52 0.57 0.28 成熟猕猴桃味,甜味,菠萝味 Ripe kiwi, sweet, pineapple( Olbricht et al., 2008; Antalick, 2010) 丁酸己酯 Hexyl butanoate 0.77 0.18 1.15 0.44 0.55 0.21 0.69 0.10 果味,杏子味 Fruity, apricot( Dong et al., 2013) 丁酸辛酯 Octyl butanoate 0.27 0.27 2.58 1.16 0.05 0.05 0.15 0.05 青草味,橙子,欧芹,甜瓜味 Herbaceous, orange, parsley, melon(谢剑平, 2009) 2甲基丁酸辛酯 Octyl-2methylbutanoate 0.70 0.35 2.00 0.79 0.09 0.06 0.12 0.03 3甲基丁酸辛酯 Octyl 3-methylbutanoate 1.05 0.34 2.45 1.05 0.09 0.04 0.14 0.05 己酸甲酯 Methyl hexanoate 4.09 1.29 4.79 1.53 3.10 1.05 4.47 0.67 果味,甜味,菠萝味 Fruity, sweetish, pineapple ( Ulrich et al., 2007; Olbricht et al., 2008) 己酸乙酯 Ethyl hexanoate 2.62 0.23 9.48 3.61*2.92 1.74 7.46 0.90 果味,菠萝味,葡萄酒香气 Fruity, pineapple, winy ( Sarrazin et al., 2007; Olbricht et al., 2008) 己酸辛酯 Octyl hexanoate 0.08 0.08 0.78 0.78*0.02 0.02 0.05 0.05 辛酸甲酯 Methyl octanoate 0.35 0.23 0.77 0.31 0.40 0.23 0.64 0.15 葡萄酒香气,果味,橙子 Winy, fruity, orange(谢剑平,2009; Antalick, 2010) 辛酸乙酯 Ethyl octanoate 0.00 0.00 1.35 0.75* 0.67 0.33*果味,花香味,葡萄酒杏子味 Fruity, floral, wine apricot( Noguerol-Pato et al., 2009;谢剑平, 2009) 总计 Total 14.48 0.43 65.73 4.9*28.49 10.49 39.00 2.75 注: * 表示与野生型对照在 5%水平上差异显著; *在 1%水平上差异显著。 “”未检出。 Note: * Means the difference was significant at 5% level compared with wild type control; * The difference was significant at 1%.“” Not detected. 3 讨论 采用遗传转化方法进行挥发性成分代谢相关基因的功能研究时,常常需要考虑供转化植株体内是否含有可供利用的底物、底物与基因表达生成的酶在细胞内的分布区域是否一致、生成的产物是否具有挥发性等因素。已报道过的用于香气基因转化的试材主要包括矮牵牛、烟草和番茄等,结果也不尽相同。 Lucker 等( 2001)将 Clarkia breweri 的 S-柠檬烯合成基因 lis 在矮牵牛中过量表达,虽然转基因植株显著增加了非挥发性芳樟醇的积累,但并没有将其转变为挥发性芳樟醇。 Guterman等( 2006)在矮牵牛中过量表达玫瑰醇乙酰基转移酶基因 RhAAT,使转基因植株产生了 2 种新酯:乙酸苯乙酯和乙酸苯甲酯,并改变了其香气。 Beekwilder 等( 2004)也尝试利用草莓 SAAT 转化矮牵牛,却没有成功,不仅转基因植株中没有检测到新酯类物质,而原有的苯甲酸苯甲酯含量也没有得到提高,通过叶片饲喂外源醇发现,这可能是由于矮牵牛体内不存在 SAAT 可利用的醇类底物或底物含量少造成的。而李大鹏( 2005)利用苹果 MdAAT2 转化烟草,进行过量表达,引起转基因植株叶片中的挥发性酯类构成发生变化,既增加了已有酯的含量水平,又生成了新的酯类,但在番茄中进行 MdAAT2 果实特异性表达时却没有检测到酯类的变化,经推测这可能是因为生成的 MdAAT2董 静,王桂霞,钟传飞,常琳琳,孙 健,张宏力,孙 瑞,石 琨,隗永青,张运涛 . 森林草莓醇酰基转移酶基因 FvAATW2 功能研究 . 园艺学报, 2018, 45 (1): 41 50. 49 酶与底物在细胞内分布于不同的区域造成的。 本研究中借鉴以上研究结果,采用过量表达的方式,利用烟草和草莓栽培品种开展野生森林草莓 FvAATW2 的功能研究,结果证明,这两种供试材料用于 AAT 功能研究各有优势。烟草叶片中存在可供草莓 AAT 酶催化合成酯类所需的底物,和草莓遗传转化相比,转化烟草周期较短,也更容易进行转基因操作,即使在植株生长早期( 10 12 叶) ,也能在转基因叶片中检测到新生成的酯,这有利于加快基因功能研究的进程;而利用近缘种来研究基因功能,能提供与原生种更接近的体内代谢环境,由于用于检测的也是成熟果实,这使得研究结果更具有说服力,另外,还有助于筛选合适的研究对象用于后续研究。 草莓的香气与酯类构成有关 ( Dong et al., 2013) 。 有研究者利用 RNAi 技术下调了 Royal Gala苹果 AAT1 表达,使转基因株系成熟果实的酯类总含量显著下降,香气明显减弱( Souleyre et al.,2014)。本研究中,在相同的栽培条件下,转入 FvAATW2 使草莓栽培品种 Camarosa果实的酯类构成发生了改变,新生成辛酸乙酯,已有的 4 种酯比例或 /和含量提高,而另外 1 种酯则下降;转基因果实中比例和含量提高幅度较大的有乙酸辛酯、己酸乙酯、己酸辛酯、辛酸乙酯等,这些酯类成分多数都具有令人愉快的花香味和果香味,它们在总挥发物中所占比例的提高,可能是转基因果实香气变浓的一个重要原因。 References Antalick G, Perello M, Revel G. 2010. 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