日光温室CO2浓度变化规律研究

°;Ñ iCO2 iMÄ pùî＊魏 珉 邢禹贤 王秀峰＊＊ 马 红 öê jφª†,͹ ëªTþ3ªäª;Ïö -ª¹ -†äªTþ3ª.•Y °;Ñ iCO2 iMÄ¥ö1Ìây Í ;v,Y„‚ E¸Ñ i Ú iCO2“d„E çCO2 „ Œ.¼ ì ù•8;† Ð、r ›« « 9,Ñ iCO2 i Ú;²T ù •8;†« 9、r ›« š°,CO2 „ Œø.1oM °;Ñ i CO2 i °MÄ 1«MÄ bWsƒ CO2 „ ŒÓcI| 1001-9332200303-0354-05 Ïms Ë| S625 ÓDS M ’ AVariation of CO2 concentration insolar greenhouse in Northern China.WEI Min,XING Yuxian,WANG Xi-ufeng,MA HongCollegeof Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.-Chin .J.Appl.Ecol .,2003,143354～ 358.Thevariationof CO2concentrationin winter-spring cultivated solargreenhousein northernChina wasstudied.ThediurnalchangeofCO2 concentration showedanirregularU shapein most case, themaximum valueap-peared priortounveilingstraw matin themorning, and theminimum between 12∶00 and 14∶00 PM.Some-times, anirregularW shapecurvewithtwovalleyswasalsoobserved, withthefirstoneappearedpriortotheventilationat noon, and thesecond occurredbetween 15∶00～ 16∶30 PM.During the period of winter-springcultivation, thedaily maximum concentration of CO2 in solar greenhouse decreased gradually, while thedailyminimum concentration and daytimeaverageconcentrationdroppedfirst, thenwent up.At thesame time, thetimeof CO2 depletion lasted longer and longer.In December, CO2 depletion happened 2.1～ 3.1 hours aftermorning unveiling.In thenext March, however, it moved up to 0.6～ 1.1 hours afterunveilingin themorn-ing.At daytime, bothduringandafterventilation, solargreenhouseoftenshowedCO2depletion.TheperiodofCO2depletionextendedfrom 4～5.8 hoursperdayinDecemberto8～ 8.5hoursperdayinMarchofnext year.Thespacial distribution of CO2 concentrations within the greenhouseshowed that in themorning and in theevening, theorderwasthefrontthemiddletheback, and thegroundthecanopytheupper, andatmid-day, theorderwas thefront theupperthecanopy.Photon fluxdensitywasthemost important environmentalfactoraffectingCO2concentrationin greenhouse.Ventilationdidnot avoided CO2 depletion.Canopy photosynthetic rate and soil respiratory rate were measured at differentgrowth stages of tomato.At seedlingstage, CO2 concentrationingreenhousewas higherthanthatoutside, duetothevigoroussoilrespirationandlowercanopy photosyntheticrate.But at fruitingstage, severeCO2depletionoccurredbecauseofstrongercanopyphotosynthesisandweaksoilrespiration.Key words Solargreenhouse, CO2concentration, Diurnalchange, Seasonalchange, Spacial distribution.＊ öê 8âOÁJ99I04„ öê 8ª®Ï ] M SÐE Sù‚ ãÁù[ “ Z S931997»319|.＊＊Yß ó“ ¦.2001-08-15 là,2001-11-30¤ s.1 „ ýCO2 ;†T¨¥ð , †CO2 „ ŒKÅ  v’;†T¨,î¹4ÚÁ ¥1oÅÿy Íshy;B.Schapendonk[6]©ô ˜© Ø,*Ñ iCO2 „ Œ PÛ •8ê]Ä  å 15,É ù „ Œ/îÛhÁ11.  Œ©[ 4]Ø° 13ïÛ°;Ñ i 12～u M2¥µrÑ、n; H ”„CO2 g db i¥9„,i| Á ¥•YÉ› Yås,²TV üCO2 iÁ ¥ DKv.yN,ùî CO2ÌâMÄ piÉ› SÐØ e LCÚÁÚr¥. °;Ñ i áSZ¹ uë1«ö1  ¡™ T,µ1CO2 i¥ùî Ùµ¡[3,8,10]Œ ŒC“d Æ¥ùî.7O °;Ñ i²、r ›Ñ;Hq„Tþ1 Ñ iCO2ÌâÉ› “d©ç,»Ñ;Ìâ、Tþ 3âÐCO2 iMÄ¥1“,¹† ØØ e„CO2 g4G .‹¨ 3 ÿÐ 2003 M3 »14  »3 ù CHINESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY,Mar.2003,143∶354～ 358DOI10.13287/j.1001-9332.2003.00802 ‹ ÐZE2.1  k‹ k¿1998 M10～ 2000 M5 öê 8 ü½ gu 8 “„ öê j„ª¥15∶00～16∶30m1,mm1 °;Ñ iCO2 i1«MÄ„ °MÄFig.1 Seasonal and diurnalchangesof CO2concentrationin solargreen-house....“¸CO2 iCO2 concentrationoutside;↑£ ô„ ô HWTimeof unveiling andcoveringmat; Y„„„ HWTimeof openingandclosing vent;aI NTomato;bÛCucumber./]Thesamebelow.11998.11.14;21998.11.30;31998.12.30;41999.01.09;51999.01.12;61999.02.04;71999.02.05;81999.03.23;91999.05.05.m2  „ 3â H ù °;Ñ iI N •8CO2 iMÄ¥•YFig.2 Effects of weather and growth stages on CO2 concentration intomatogreenhouse.11999.11.12,|,¼ ì ùCloudy,seedling stage;21999.11.19, d,¼ ì ùSunny,seedlingstage,LAI0.48;32000.01.09,|,²T ùCloudy,fruitingstage;42000.01.25, d,²T ùSunny,fruiting stage,LAI4.16.2.¾ f™ 3¿ •8 ë“ ” v、;†«9、 öb„ ž7/ö„ *¥ d.ÐÛM1,I N °;Ñ iCO2 „ Œ÷øCO2 i®、 „Œûà HWÉ, V Ð  •8² vµ1.m2ÉB„ ª ü „Tþ •8vlÑ iCO2 i¥•Y.¼ ì ù,Ñ i WCO2 Æ £ Ü3553 ù É © °;Ñ iCO2 iMÄ pùî m3 °;Ñ iCO2ÌâÄFig.3Characteristicsof CO2 environment in solargreenhouse.Ⅰ. °KÚ iDaily maximum CO2 concentration;Ⅱ. °K® iDaily minimumCO2 concentration;Ⅲ. ° Ü iDailymean averageCO2 con-centration;Ⅳ.b„ -Beforeventilation;Ⅴ.b„ÏDuringventilation;Ⅵ .b„ªAfterventilation;Ⅶ . „ Œ HÉCO2depletion time;Ⅷ.£ ô- „ ŒHWTimefrom morningunveilingtoCO2 depletion;Ⅸ . „ Œ HW1Ratio CO2 depletiontime. Ú,âí ‚ Õ  ‚ 3 „ Œ,7 O dÏöY„öÁ i CO2v “d,F ¼ ì¥;†h{,CO2 iá Ά®,°ÀГ¸ £ ܤÍ,yN,Y„ ù 4[»û °;Ñ iCO2 iÚ £ Ü.²T ù,I N •8 ë“ ” vLAI4.16,;†« 9, d ö£ ôªÿ1.4hïCCO2 „ Œ,K® ir100μl·L-1,Y„ Ù VϳŒ‚ E ç „Œ,Y„ ù •8CO2 i ¯1“¸®16.90P·.®m3 A,ë ¡VñÏ °;Ñ i °KÚCO2 iïvhl, °K® i„æ Ü i5†ª 6. - ùTþ •8 l,Ñ iCO2 i Ú,Y„ v “Y„ gvl„Y„ HW,‚ 3Ç 3  „ Œ;12～u M2 B MÏKe Ï1«, °;Ñ iY„  l .À †,Tþ •8 v,;†« 9,CO2 „ ŒKø;2[ªF Tþ3ªäª2 mÚ;£ ôª,Tþ;†h{ P3ªCO2 iá Î/†,i HW î¹K®,ƒÕƒYÈ»ûÀ ôª1 h .À÷É HWŒ ë¯.â,͹ 몄2mÚCO2 iM1 µ Õf™1 -€ SÔÚ¿ª€;2 ö -€®¿ª€,/öMQm4.3ªÐ €¥M  Ö •Y4N iÚ®¥1y Í,] H s͹ ë •8²、3ª †Ñ i bWvl[Y„©¥•Y.3.2.2‚]ÊÂCO2 i Ñ i -、Ï、ª‚]ÊÂCO2 iÚ® ¨½ £ ôshy; -„ ô[ª¹ -356‹ ¨ 3 ÿ Ð  14 m4 °;Ñ iCO2 i¥ H bsƒFig.4 Temperal-spatialdistributionCO2 concentrationin solargreenhouse.1͹ ëGround;2Tþ3ªCrop canopy;3ä†Upper;4 -†Front;5φMeddle;6ª†Back.m5 °;Ñ iCO2 iMÄÐI N;†T¨„r ›« ¥1“Fig.5Effectsof canopyphotosynthesis and soil respiration on CO2 concentration in tomatosolargreenhouse.A¼ ì ùSeedlingstageLAI0.48;B²T ùFruitingstageLAI4.16.Ⅰ.“¸CO2 iCO2 concentrationambient;Ⅱ.Ñ iCO2 iCO2concentrationwithin thegreenhouse;Ⅲ.r ›« Î qSoil respiration;Ⅳ. •8;† Î qCanopy photosynthesis.an; HWSunshinetimea17∶40～ 17∶10,a28∶30～ 16∶50;bY„ HWVentilation timeb110∶30～ 15∶00,b211∶40～14∶00.†Ï†ª†;£ ô[ª -†CO2 iá Î/†,‚ ‚Y„ÐŽ, -†,;†T¨ïvh Ð,r ›« ÁCO2 i  6m5A.3.3.2²T ù r ›« üAh Ð, ° Ü dbCO2 Î q¹¼ ì ù¥24.23,Ïö -ªÇ¹;†Î q¥6.88,ù®¿;†h{.9∶40Ñ iCO2 iÚ¿“¸,Œ« 9¥ •8;†T¨ P á Ά®,i HW  3 „ Œ;Y„ ù,v CO2É ÆÑi, i “y ëBՍ¥ Ü™,Œ †CO2 i ¯®¿“¸, ª üY„ M‚;Y„ g1ª, •8;†T¨ PÑ iCO2 £ ܆®,CBÏ3573 ù É © °;Ñ iCO2 iMÄ pùî »2ñ®;ž,;†T¨h Ð,r ›± 3þ„Tþ •8« T¨ PCO2 iïv 6Úm5B.4  ‚4.1 ôY °;Ñ iCO2ÌâôY °;Ñ iCO2 i | ¿Tþ 3 Øî、r›« 、Ñ;Ìâ„ ¦ý5 Øn £Â¤ ô、Y„©©y Í. k²TV ü,¼ ì ùr ›« « 9,•8;† Ð,Ñ iCO2 £ Ü Ú,Bî‚ 3CO2„ Œ;²T 9 ùr ›« š°, •8;†« 9,CO2 „Œø.ë ¡VñÏ,Û、I N •8²T ùCO2iKÚ´550～850μl·L-1、K®´100～220μl·L-1,CO2 „ ŒKø1«¹®Ñ*v¥12～u M2, „ ŒYÈ 3¿*ä£ ôª1～3.1h,ûÃ4～7.7h. Ï|BÏCO2 „ Œ HWs¹Y„shy; -、Y„ùW„Y„shy;ª3 ,5Y„shy; -0.5～3.0h,Y„ª0.5～2.5h. O “ - °;Ñ i5 Øö1[ ѹð5,øë1«‚Y„ÇÏö -ª¿ì,†ÊÒl‰ H1 –Y„,Y„ l,íEE çY„ ùCO2 „ Œ.4.2 Ñ iCO2Ø e4ÚÑ iCO2 £ ܵÕoå.19 µgr ›« Ñ iCO2 Ÿ÷shy;B,WCO2 Æ £ ÜÚ,â 3 „ Œ¥ HWž.[ 8 1998～1999M²T ù¥©ç²Ty ë£ ôÀ „ Œ HÉÐ °KÚCO2 ishy;W¥1“Zñ,ÛÑ iY 0.0081x -3.5739r 0.9685,I NÑ iY 0.0040 x-1.22r0.9221.ô Zñ, £ ôÀY„3.5h,5 °KÚCO2 i¶900～1200μl·L-1[ Œµ V E çY„ - „ Œ. “ - °;Ñ i ¡8¿µgBQ Æ,ž  k©ç²T,ª ùr ›« üAh Ð.yN,V û Ú¥r ›CO2 db , V |9Fµg¨ 、sQ9 µgBWshy;¤¥÷E. ¿©[2]¡,Û²T ùç ù} VA÷4ÚÑ iCO2 i,}Ñ i 8∶00、10∶00„12∶00¥CO2 isY¹1200～1800、580～1200、230～350μl·L-1,7vÑ isY¹620～700、240～320„180～230μl·L-1.ñg §©[8]¥ k²TVü, µg„¦ÌgiÉ› 뤥 f ƒ/, V»ûC 3â ùÑ iCO2 iÚ £ Ü.®N Vn,9 µg V[üþE çY„ - „ Œ,ŒNEµg¥S„ ¨ZE 4gä,Ñ iCO2 £ Ü‚Ø e,µ H 4[E çY„ ù„„ª „ Œ.2 ¦ý9 CO2.12～u M3,I NÑ iCO2 „ ŒYÈ 3¿*ä£ ôª0.6～2.1h,Û1.1～3.1h,N,12z g HW V£ ôª2～3h,1z1.5～2h,2z1～1.5h,3z0.5～1h.¿S¿©[9]ùîV ü,CO2 i€ÊÄ„500μl·L-1shy;W¥ 9F;† Î qµ v•Y; ë1«,Ïö -ª°;Ñ iÛ;†T¨¥ªÄCO2 i¹460～500μl·L-1[1] . î[, ûÑ iCO2 i500μl·L-1[ Tþ;†T¨÷µ æ, N VM‹4* g HW.yTþ« 9;†T¨„Y„ M‚,Y„ ù„ª ¯iCO2 „ Œ. Ñ ®¥12～uM2, °;Ñ i[ ѹð5,Y„ HW ,Y„ l,Y„ ùCO2 „ Œ HÉ2.5～4.7h,„ª „ Œ HÉ0.5～2.5h.S“µÑ iTþ †CO2 g„Y„ùCO2 g¥¡[5,7] .i£ üüÉ ÄCO2 g HW V üA4ÚÛ、I NÁ .áS °;Ñ i 3 ÿ、Ü6CO2 gZóÉB„ùî.• IÓD1 Chen Q-Jç ] ,,ZhengZ-G¢CS,Xu J· .1996.Applicationof PPRtoanalyzingphotosyntheticrateof cucumberinsolargreenhouse.J X injiang Agric Univ jŒ,Sai F-C žÄ,Li Y-M Ù‡ ù.1995.Analysis of threefactors affectingyieldof vegetablein solargreen-house.J Henan Agric SciŠ 2 j SÐ,1134～ 35inChi-nese5 MortensenLM.1987.ReviewCO2 enrichment in greenhousecropresponses.Sci Hort,331～ 256 Schapendonk AHCM,van TilburgW.1984.Thefactorinmodelingphotosynthesis andgrowth of greenhouse crops.Act Hort,16283～ 917 Slack G,Hand DW.1985.The effect of winterand summer CO2enrichment onthegrowth andfruit yieldof glasshousecucumber.JHort S ci, 604507～ 5168 Wu C-Lñg §,Sun S-J ä  .,Yang Z-C’g.2000.Studyon the CO2 concentration change in lean-To solar green-housegrown melon.Chin VegetÏS v’,614～ 17inChi-nese9 YuG-H¿S¿,Gong B-T,He Z-C Ñô.1996.Effectof CO2 enrichment onthephotosyntheticrateofleavesofcu-cumberin plastichouse.J Laiyang Agric Coll ž jÐýÐ,1315～ 10inChinese10 Zhang H-Mfò ¼,Sun Z-Q äÍ ,Bai Y-LâÖ *.1998.Effectsoncucumberin solargreenhousebyCO2enrichment.Trans Chin S ocy Agric Eng jýñÐ, 14supp.160～163inChineseT€eº É , 3,1968 M12 3,p V,¬ q,ö1V Y v’Ðír ¡ùî,V ‚Ó20Å É.E-358‹ ¨ 3 ÿ Ð  14