栽培方式与施肥水平对当归土壤水分和养分的影响.pdf

2021 47 1 55 62 DOI 10 13331 ki jhau 2021 01 009 Journal of Hunan Agricultural University Natural Sciences 引用格式 J 2021 47 1 55 62 WU R QIU D Y QI H M WANG S J SHEN P R Effects of cultivation methods and fertilization levels on soil moisture and nutrients of Angelica sinensis J Journal of Hunan Agricultural University Natural Sciences 2021 47 1 55 62 栽培方式与施肥水平对当归土壤水分和养分的影响 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 730070 2 730070 3 730070 4 745000 摘 要 3 0 CK 600 750 900 kg hm 2 4 0 40 cm 0 20 cm 750 kg hm 2 750 kg hm 2 900 kg hm 2 750 kg hm 2 0 20 cm 20 40 cm 0 40 cm 0 20 cm 20 40 cm 20 40 cm 2 0 40 cm 750 kg hm 2 0 40 cm 关 键 词 中图分类号 S567 23 9 062 S359 9 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1007 1032 2021 01 0055 08 Effects of cultivation methods and fertilization levels on soil moisture and nutrients of Angelica sinensis WU Rong 1 2 3 QIU Daiyu 1 2 3 QI Haimin 4 WANG Sijia 1 2 3 SHEN Pengrui 1 2 3 1 Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China 2 Agronomy College Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China 3 Key Laboratory of Herbal Medicine Standardization Production Technology Innovation Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China 4 People s Government of Hot Spring Town Xifeng District Qingyang Gansu 745000 China Abstract Using field experiment we did the comparative analysis of three cultivation methods full film double ridge and furrow planting full film single ridge planting and full film flat planting with four fertilizer levels 0 600 750 900 kg hm 2 compound fertilizer to investigate the effects of cultivation and fertilization on soil moisture and nutrient content in the 0 40 cm soil layer and the yield of Angelica sinensis The results showed except for the 0 20 cm soil layer during the vigorous growth of the above ground part of Angelica sinensis the soil moisture content in the same layer of soil 收稿日期 2019 12 26 修回日期 2020 03 09 基金项目 31201176 31960395 作者简介 1995 1154820957 gsqdy 56 2021 2 during the same period was the highest in the treatment of full film double ridge and furrow planting fertilization 750 kg hm 2 The ammonium nitrogen mass fraction in the 0 40 cm soil layer was the highest in the two periods of Angelica sinensis with full film double ridge and furrow planting fertilization 750 kg hm 2 The mass fractions of available phosphorus and available potassium were the highest in the 0 40 cm soil layer with full film double ridge and furrow planting fertilization 900 kg hm 2 during the two periods of Angelica sinensis The yield of Angelica sinensis was the highest under the treatment of full film double ridge and furrow planting fertilization 750 kg hm 2 The cultivation methods significantly affected the soil water content in the soil layer 0 20 cm above the ground the ammonium nitrogen mass fraction in the soil layer 20 40 cm above the ground and the yield of Angelica sinensis Fertilization had very significant or significant effect on soil nutrients of Angelica sinensis in two periods Cultivation methods and film mulching greatly affected the yield of Angelica sinensis Full film double ridge and furrow planting fertilization 750 kg hm 2 could effectively increase the soil moisture content of 0 40 cm promote nutrient absorption and improve the yield of Angelica sinensis We found that the cultivation mode of full film double ridge and furrow planting fertilization 750 kg hm 2 can be popularized in the Angelica sinensis thoroughbred production area of Gansu Province Keywords Angelica sinensis full film double ridge and furrow planting full film single ridge planting full film flat planting compound fertilizer soil moisture content soil nutrients Angelica sinensis 3 1 2 4 5 6 7 9 10 25 13 11 12 13 10 mm 14 15 33 4 0 40 cm 1 研究区概况 E104 43 62 N34 55 05 2892 m 80 120 d 2086 4 h 22 28 9 458 3 mm 1494 5 mm 0 20 cm pH 7 70 4 45 52 09 147 9 mg kg 20 40 cm pH 7 51 4 25 36 90 114 85 mg kg 2 材料和方法 2 1 供试材料 1 70 120 cm 54 N P 2 O 5 K 2 O 26 14 14 47 1 57 2 2 试验设计 3 FF 40 cm 10 cm 30 cm 15 cm 2 2 120 cm 24 25 cm FS 50 cm 20 cm 10 cm 70 cm 120 cm 2 30 cm 24 25 cm FM 70 cm 6 30 cm 24 25 cm 4 CK 600 750 900 kg hm 2 L M H 12 FF CK FF L FF M FF H FS CK FS L FS M FS H FM CK FM L FM M FM H 3 12 6 m 2 6 m 2 1 m 20 cm 1 m 2016 3 30 9 27 2 3 测定指标及方法 2016 7 3 2016 8 24 2 5 S 0 20 20 40 cm 5 10 16 3 2 4 数据分析 Microsoft Excel 2010 SPSS 22 0 Duncan 3 结果与分析 3 1 栽培方式与施肥对土壤含水量的影响 1 0 40 cm 0 20 cm FF H 19 32 FM M 16 18 19 41 P20 40 cm 0 20 cm 20 40 cm FM CK 16 50 0 92 bc 14 78 0 01 8 82 0 03 b 9 94 0 01 b FM L 16 32 0 98 c 15 00 0 01 9 94 0 03 ab 10 11 0 00 b FM M 16 18 0 00 c 15 44 0 01 10 10 0 01 ab 10 30 0 00 b FM H 17 37 1 10 abc 15 32 0 01 9 99 0 01 ab 10 19 0 01 b FS CK 17 62 0 01 abc 15 57 0 03 10 13 0 01 ab 10 25 0 01 b FS L 18 44 0 01 abc 16 33 0 20 10 20 0 01 ab 11 01 0 01 ab FS M 18 88 0 01 abc 16 10 0 01 10 44 0 00 ab 11 12 0 01 ab FS H 18 07 0 02 abc 14 79 0 03 10 36 0 00 ab 10 59 0 02 b FF CK 17 19 0 02 abc 16 64 0 03 10 94 0 02 ab 11 39 0 01 ab FF L 17 41 0 01 abc 16 84 0 01 11 21 0 02 ab 11 97 0 01 ab FF M 19 17 0 01 ab 17 54 0 01 13 35 0 01 a 14 02 0 02 a FF H 19 32 0 02 a 17 28 0 01 11 84 0 02 ab 12 03 0 02 ab 0 05 0 05 0 01 58 2021 2 14 78 18 67 0 40 cm FF M 0 20cm 20 40 cm 13 35 14 02 FM CK 8 82 9 94 51 36 41 05 P20 40 cm FS H FF FS FM 0 20 cm P 0 01 0 40 cm P20 40 cm 0 20 cm 20 40 cm FF M 6 66 6 47 4 81 3 80 mg kg FM CK 67 34 127 02 71 17 112 29 P 0 05 750 kg hm 2 M FF 2 FF M FF CK FF L 750 kg hm 2 0 40 cm 0 20 cm P20 40 cm P20 40 cm P 0 01 0 20 cm P20 40 cm 0 20 cm 20 40 cm FM CK 3 98 0 39 d 2 85 0 22 d 2 81 0 26 d 1 79 0 49 d FM L 4 37 0 32 cd 3 72 0 12 cd 3 36 0 06 cd 3 36 0 37 ab FM M 5 97 0 30 ab 4 18 0 25 cd 4 36 0 02 ab 3 68 0 22 ab FM H 5 24 0 31 bc 3 79 0 27 cd 4 35 0 09 ab 3 66 0 07 ab FS CK 4 32 0 28 cd 3 05 0 38 d 3 47 0 09 cd 2 72 0 26 bc FS L 4 12 0 55 cd 3 20 0 87 d 3 55 0 10 c 3 17 0 09 abc FS M 5 28 0 83 bc 4 95 0 80 bc 4 64 0 40 ab 3 34 0 39 ab FS H 5 20 0 44 bc 3 97 0 59 cd 4 46 0 31 ab 3 12 0 31 abc FF CK 5 07 0 64 bcd 3 58 0 34 cd 3 59 0 20 c 2 30 1 06 cd FF L 4 94 0 44 bcd 3 56 0 07 cd 3 62 0 09 c 2 38 0 28 cd FF M 6 66 0 57 a 6 47 0 44 a 4 81 0 81 a 3 80 0 05 a FF H 5 83 0 56 ab 5 75 0 80 ab 4 01 0 37 bc 3 38 0 20 ab 0 05 0 05 0 01 47 1 59 3 4 2 0 40 cm FF H FM CK P20 40 cm 0 20 cm 20 40 cm FF H 67 28 56 06 67 02 61 88 mg kg FM CK 107 08 190 72 65 40 138 83 249 88 128 17 259 30 216 60 mg kg FM CK 53 77 47 29 56 56 136 51 0 20 cm FS CK FF FS FM 表 3 不同栽培方式与施肥处理当归种植土壤的速效磷质量分数及其方差分析 Table 3 Analysis of the available phosphorus mass fraction and variance of Angelica sinensis planting soil under different cultivation methods and fertilization treatments m g kg 0 20 cm 20 40 cm 0 20 cm 20 40 cm FM CK 32 49 25 76 b 19 28 1 22 d 40 52 1 26 d 25 91 12 35 b FM L 33 54 13 68 b 24 99 6 91 cd 54 36 1 98 c 27 05 3 62 bb FM M 38 89 7 44 ab 28 95 3 18 cd 60 50 0 87 b 30 41 12 15 b FM H 49 56 11 04 ab 48 22 9 78 abc 66 72 0 83 a 40 91 3 66 b FS CK 32 69 15 64 b 24 58 10 15 cd 41 50 1 01 d 30 58 13 60 b FS L 46 62 19 92 ab 31 98 3 22 bcd 54 64 0 93 c 30 91 11 88 bb FS M 55 27 10 39 ab 37 34 6 35 abcd 60 56 0 43 b 39 94 13 98 b FS H 64 81 3 82 ab 52 28 6 09 ab 66 78 0 55 a 45 32 1 75 ab FF CK 33 54 13 75 b 24 65 7 94 cd 42 13 0 82 d 30 98 0 71 b FF L 53 82 15 65 ab 33 64 11 90 abcd 55 23 0 64 c 40 77 8 98 b FF M 63 70 4 89 ab 42 22 7 00 abcd 61 26 0 50 b 41 36 7 10 b FF H 67 28 3 16 a 56 05 13 33 a 67 02 0 58 a 61 88 3 87 a 0 05 0 05 0 01 表 4 不同栽培方式与施肥处理当归种植土壤的速效钾质量分数及其方差分析 Table 4 Analysis of available potassium mass fraction and variance of Angelica sinensis planting soil under different cultivation methods and fertilization treatments mg kg 0 20 cm 20 40 cm 0 20 cm 20 40 cm FM CK 162 50 25 70 c 87 02 4 15 b 165 62 34 07 bc 91 58 5 51 c FM L 190 22 33 08 abc 95 15 18 07 b 171 82 30 53 bc 106 53 7 26 bc FM M 215 28 19 37 abc 95 72 18 47 b 185 57 53 80 bc 137 12 53 54 abc FM H 234 70 56 64 ab 102 42 13 73 ab 204 72 23 19 abc 141 58 29 69 abc FS CK 170 52 8 38 bc 93 48 9 44 b 156 79 21 45 b 102 97 53 54 bc FS L 206 53 9 77 abc 106 53 11 66 ab 177 24 27 49 bc 119 40 14 32 bc FS M 234 87 19 13 abc 113 92 18 41 ab 186 55 19 90 bc 150 37 8 72 abc FS H 246 32 36 08 a 118 47 4 61 ab 251 92 3 59 a 161 73 16 35 abc FF CK 184 35 34 06 abc 99 55 1 39 ab 184 58 12 88 bc 105 23 19 09 bc FF L 208 38 21 00 abc 111 75 2 12 ab 220 13 25 20 bc 150 30 8 72 bc FF M 240 10 17 09 b 116 40 19 25 ab 224 26 6 79 ab 160 07 15 59 abc FF H 249 88 53 69 a 128 17 17 99 a 259 30 35 38 a 216 60 60 39 a 0 05 0 05 0 01 60 2021 2 0 20 cm 20 40 cm P20 40 cm 0 20 cm P 0 01 0 20 cm P 0 05 0 40 cm P 0 05 0 40 cm P 0 01 3 3 栽培方式与施肥对当归产量的影响 5 FF M 1456 09 kg hm 2 FM CK 102 67 P 0 05 FF FS FM FF 4 2 P 0 05 750 kg hm 2 P 0 01 表 5 不同栽培方式与施肥处理当归产量及其方差分析 Table 5 Yield and variance analysis of Angelica sinensis under different cultivation methods and fertilization treatment kg hm 2 kg hm 2 FM CK 718 44 76 83 d FF CK 1261 79 32 91 b FM L 788 69 59 92 d FF L 1340 65 77 75 ab FM M 998 53 39 85 c FF M 1456 09 173 19 a FM H 968 29 48 00 c FF H 1273 90 152 39 ab FS CK 813 31 109 72 d FS L 979 37 77 20 c FS M 1050 81 56 72 c FS H 992 75 113 96 c 0 05 0 05 0 01 4 结论与讨论 17 18 19 2 0 40 cm FF 0 20 cm FF CK FF L FF 0 20 cm P 0 01 0 40 cm P20 40 cm P20 40 cm 0 20 cm P 0 05 47 1 61 3 27 FF 2 P 0 05 750 kg hm 2 P 0 01 750 kg hm 2 28 750 kg hm 2 参考文献 1 M 2015 National Pharmacopoeia Committee Pharmacopoeia of the People s Republic of China M Beijing China Medical Science Press 2015 2 J 2019 19 2 93 CAO Y D Analysis of chemical composition and phar macological action of Angelica sinensis J World Latest Medicine Information 2019 19 2 93 3 J 2011 42 10 1900 1904 SONG Q Y FU Y B LIU J et al Chemical constituents from Angelica sinensis J Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 2011 42 10 1900 1904 4 J 2018 6 21 90 NIU L YU H L Chemical constituents and pharma cological effects of Angelica sinensis J Cardiovascular Disease Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine 2018 6 21 90 5 LOEHLE C Forest ecotone response to climate change sensitivity to temperature response functional forms J Canadian Journal of Forest Research 2000 30 10 1632 1645 6 J 2018 10 16 20 ZHAO R WANG F S SONG Z H Effects of ridge forming and film covering modes on growth yield and quality of Angelica sinensis in Minxian County J Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology 2018 10 16 20 7 J 2012 29 3 67 69 LIU F L ZHAO L XIA P F et al Analysis and counter measure research on production problems of Angelica sinensis in Huichuan region J Journal of Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2012 29 3 67 69 8 J 2008 54 1 28 30 XU F X LIU X R Effects of different cultivation methods on the growth and development of Angelica sinensis J Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Science 2008 54 1 28 30 9 弢 J 2008 11 31 33 W ANG Y Q DU T JIN L et al Problems and counter measures to the production of Angelica sinensis in Gansu J Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology 2008 11 31 33 10 J 2007 38 2 257 261 LIN H M LIU X Z LIU X R et al Effects of cultivation methods on dry matter accumulating and growth dynamics of Angelica sinensis J Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 2007 38 2 257 261 11 M 2 2004 YANG J X TIAN Y X Medicinal Herbs Cultivation M 2rd ed Beijing Chinese Agriculture Press 2004 12 M 1979 Editorial Board of Flora of China Chinese Academy of Sciences Flora of China M Beijing Science and Technology Press 1979 13 J 2008 29 5 629 632 LIU G C YANG Q F DUAN R Q et al Main modes for Gansu developing techniques of whole plastic film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows in dry land J Research of Agricultural Modernization 2008 29 5 629 632 14 J 2016 37 8 217 222 DAI F ZHAO W Y ZHANG F W et al Current status of mechanization planting technology and equipment for corn whole plastic film mulching on double ridges in the arid of northwest China J Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization 2016 37 8 217 222 62 2021 2 15 J 2018 46 12 143 145 LI L L Effects of whole film double furrow sowing maize straw returning pattern on soil moisture and maize yield J Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences 2018 46 12 143 145 16 M 3 2000 BAO S D Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis M 3rd ed Beijing Chinese Agriculture Press 2000 17 J 2011 35 8 825 833 WANG H L ZHANG X C SONG S Y Effects of mulching methods on soil water dynamics and corn yield of rain fed cropland in the semiarid area of China J Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 2011 35 8 825 833 18 3 J 2018 37 2 30 37 YUE D C LI Q M HAN J H et al Application effect of three kinds of plastic film mulching in corn field of whole mulching plastic films on double ridges J Journal of Irrigation and Drainage 2018 37 2 30 37 19 J 2014 35 5 511 515 SUN Y L BIAN X J HUANG C X et al Effects of full plastic film mulching on double ridges with furrow on soil moisture and temperature in dry farming maize area J Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology 2014 35 5 511 515 20 J 2016 44 3 169 171 JING K N GUO M P Effects of full film mulching double ridge sowing cultivation on soil moisture temperature and maize yield J Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences 2016 44 3 169 171 21 J 2015 33 2 50 55 GUO M P LIU S R BAI H P Effects of different plastic mulching practices on soil moisture soil temperature and yields of maize J Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas 2015 33 2 50 55 22 J 2016 34 5 69 73 TANG W X MA Z M WANG J C et al Effects of phosphorus rate on maize yield soil available phosphorus and phosphorus use efficiency by double bed and furrow sowing with full plastic film mulching in semi arid field J Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas 2016 34 5 69 73 23 J 2012 20 2 175 180 SHU Y J ZHOU Y L ZHANG Z X et al Effect of bast fiber film mulching and fertilization interaction on soil nutrient soil enzyme activity and pepper growth J Chinese Journal of Eco Agriculture 2012 20 2 175 180 24 J 2011 31 2 61 64 ZHENG X WANG Q SUN J X Effects of greenbelt irrigation with reclaimed water on soil physicochemical properties and fertility J Grassland and Turf 2011 31 2 61 64 25 J 2019 25 4 579 590 ZHANG P L GUO T W LIU X W et al Effect of plant density and nitrogen application rate on yield nitrogen and water use efficiencies of spring maize under whole plastic film mulching and double furrow sowing J Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers 2019 25 4 579 590 26 J 2019 45 3 231 236 ZHANG G L ZHAO R LIU Y T et al Effect of different amount of nitrogen on the yield and the quality of high quality rice and its nitrogen utilization efficiency J Journal of Hunan Agricultural University Natural Sciences 2019 45 3 231 236 27 J 2006 24 2 8 11 ZHANG L NIU J B ZHAO F Film mulch modes for increasing rainfall use efficiency of dry land corn J Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas 2006 24 2 8 11 28 J 2019 41 3 435 444 ZHANG P L GUO T W ZENG J et al Effect of plastic mulching and potassium rate on yield potassium use efficiency of oil sunflower J Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences 2019 41 3 435 444 责任编辑 邹慧玲 英文编辑 柳 正