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34 15 V ol.34 No.15 2018 8 Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Aug. 2018 1 国外有机设施园艺现状及对中国设施农业可持续发展的启示 刘霓红 1 ，蒋先平 1 ， 程俊峰 1 ，李 惠 玲 1 ， 李 苇 2 ，薛坤鹏 1 ，侯 露 2 ，熊 征 2 1. 510640 2. 510530 摘 要 关键词 温室，园艺， 设施农业，有机认证，可持续性发展，植物工厂 doi 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.15.001 中图分类号S62 文献标志码A 文章编号1002-68192018-015-0001-09 刘霓红 ，蒋先平 ，程俊峰 ， 李惠 玲 ， 李 苇 ， 薛 坤 鹏， 侯 露，熊 征. 国 外 有 机 设施 园艺 现 状 及对 中 国 设施 农 业可 持 续发展的启示[J]. 农业工程学报， 2018 ， 3415 1 －9. doi 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.15.001 http//www.tcsae.org Liu Nihong, Jiang Xianping, Cheng Junfeng, Li Huiling, Li Wei, Xue Kunpeng, Hou Lu, Xiong Zheng. Current situation of foreign organic greenhouse horticulture and its inspiration for sustainable development of Chinese protected agriculture [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Transactions of the CSAE, 2018, 3415 1 －9. in Chinese with English abstract doi 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.15.001 http//www.tcsae.org 0 引 言 [1] [2] [3-6] [7] Nature Plant 21 2018-04-28 2018-06-05 2017LM2153 2017 2017 88 2016 2016 31 2016 108 2017 2017 88 ZH201602 ZH201603 ZH201604 Email Email [8] 10 20 [8-9] organic greenhouse horticulture, OGH BioGreenhouse [10] 1 国外有 机设施 园艺发 展现状 1.1 有机设 施园艺 产生的背 景 2016 Willer Lernoud 1999 4 2014 4300 hm 2[11] 133 hm 2 290 137 hm 2 835 315 hm 2 49 225 hm 2 146 657 hm 2 706 hm 2 59 669 hm 2 46 573 hm 2 26 664 hm 2 25 930 hm 2 22 331 hm 2 15 554 hm 2 11 690 hm 2 10 392 hm 2 8014 hm 2 6003 hm 2 1 [11] 2014 1999 综合 研究 2 http//www.tcsae.org 2018 5 800 359 45 11 2014 262 7.6 2 Dorais Cull 0.5 30 40 [12] 2018 1500 [8-11] 图 1 全球 10 大有机蔬菜生产国 Fig. 1 Top 10 countries producing organic vegetable 图 2 全球有机食品市场消费份额 Fig. 2 Ratio of global market by 10 top countries Seufert 66 [13] Seufert 1.2 有机设 施园艺 定义、起 源和目 标 [10] international federal of organic agriculture movement, IFOAM 2008 2013 TP organic 2 [14] [15] 1.3 国外有 机设施 园艺认证 面积 [16] 2016 1 5236 hm 2 3066 hm 2 2000 hm 2 500600 hm 2 263 hm 2 1875 hm 2 500 hm 2 230 hm 2 214 hm 2 186 hm 2[12] 8.4 20 51 116 hm 2 90 [12] 表 1 国外有机设施蔬菜种植面积及 所占其比例 [12,16]Table 1 Estimation of organic vegetable greenhouse area worldwide and share in terms of their respective country greenhouse vegetable greenhouse area [12, 16] . Category Countries Organic vegetable greenhouse area /hm 2 Conventional vegetable greenhouse area /hm 2 Ratio/ European Union Italy 2000 42800 4.7 Spain 2000 75200 2.7 France 500600 11500 4.35.2 Germany 263 1273 20.7 Netherlands 125 4890 2.6 United Kingdom 80 1820 4.4 Switzerland 57 550 10.4 Belgium 32 1600 2.0 Austria 30 510 5.9 Denmark 25 120 20.8 Sweden 12 145 8.3 Finland 9 270 3.3 Hungary 1.5 5400 0.1 Iceland 1 10 10 Estonia 0.7 89 0.1 Non- European Union Mexico 1875 3676 51 Israel 500 11000 4.5 Morroco 230 20000 1.2 Canada 214 1460 14.7 USA 186 911 20.4 Turkey 31 40336 0.1 Egypt 30 6800 0.1 15 3 [17] 1000 hm 2 1800 hm 2 2 59.55 hm 2 13.91 hm 2 12.26 hm 2 28.2 hm 2 3 表 2 美国和加拿大的有机设施蔬菜主要产区及其面积 [12, 14, 17]Table 2 Main producing regions of organic greenhousevegetables in USA and Canada [12, 14, 17] . Countries Province Area/hm 2 USA California 51.86 Oregon 28.47 Florida 12.36 Pennsylvania 11.15 Vermont 7.42 Maine 6.87 Georgia 6.52 Arizona 6.09 Texas 4.22 Canada Quebec 82 British Columbia 55 Ontario 50 Nova Scotia 10 New Brunswick 7 Alberta 4 Prince Edward Island 3 Prairie 2 Newfoundland 1 表 3 美国有机设施蔬菜主要品种 及其面积 [17]Table 3 Main crops of organic greenhouse vegetables in USA [17] Main crops Area/hm 2 Tomato 59.55 Sweet pepper 13.91 Melon 1.67 Bean-pea 1.39 Herbs 28.2 Lettuce 12.26 Spinach 4.53 Brassica oleracea 2.42 Other vegetable 61.9 1.4 有机设 施园艺 产量和盈 利分析 4555 kg/m 2 2030 kg/m 2 5060 kg/m 2[12] 14.82 kg/m 2 hm 2 66 996 [18] 170346 [19] Crowder Reganold meta 40 a 55 [20] 1018 713 2932 57 [21-22] [17, 23] [24-25] [5] [26, 27] 4 [28] 表 4 温室番茄有机种植和传统种植的 产量对比分析 Table 4 Contrastive analysis of organic yield and traditional planting of greenhouse Tomato Country Organic planting/ kg· m -2 Traditional planting/kg· m -2 Comparison of organic and traditional yield Netherlands [29]45 65 0.69 Canada [30]48.853.5 52.052.6 0.941.02 1.5 有机设 施园艺 基本形式 及认证 规则要 点 [31] [32] [33-35] [36-37] [38] [12] 4 http//www.tcsae.org 2018 [39-40] 2010 EGTOP 2013
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