青海省设施蔬菜产业现状及发展对策

Status quo and Development Strategies forProtected Vegetable Industry in Qinghai ProvinceLaisheng CHEN1, Zhicheng LI2, Rui HAN1, Weimin ZHU3*1. Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Qinghai University of Agriculture and Forestry Re-search, Xining 810016, China;2. Haidong City Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Pingan 811000, China;3. Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fengxian 201403, ChinaSupported by Qinghai Province Science and Technology Major Project (2016-NK-A8);Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (15395800203).*Corresponding author. E-mail: wmzhu69126.comReceived: July 3, 2017 Accepted: August 28, 2017AAgricultural Science whilethe protected agriculture dominates inyellow river and huangshui river valleyand suburbs of towns or prefectures. Itwill be of significance for Qinghai pro-tected agriculture to further explore theexisting problems and countermea-sures1-3.Status quo of ProtectedAgriculture in QinghaiGreenhouse industry taking shapeThe “vegetable basket project”and relevant researches have contrib-utedtogreenhouseindustryin Qinghai.For example, there are 200 000 solargreenhouses and greenhouse vegetable production has an area of16 800 hm2, representing 34% ofprovincial level. In general, protectedagriculture is well-arranged, regularly-produced, species diversified andstandard-based cultivated, helpingland transfer and increase farmers in-comes4-5.Better-structured greenhousesAccording to Qinghai climate andspecific economy development, solargreenhouses are chiefly steel frame-structured, 4.5-5.5 m high and 50-80m long, with a span of 10-12 m in Xin-ing city and Haidong city. Column andpull rod are indispensible, andexternal-wall thermal insulation board,hot-dip galvanized steel pipe or “几 ” (aChinese character)-shaped hot galva-nizing strip steel solar greenhousesare available for promotion. Besides,heat preservation quilts and drip irriga-tion further reduces evaporation, andestablishes a base for well-ventilated,auto-cooling and fertigation.Expanding base scale and promot-ing greenhouse constructionRecently, solar greenhouses areconstructed slowly year by year. Butupgrades of sunshine greenhouse arespeeding up. In Datong county, for in-stance, there were 14 vegetable re-Abstract The study introduced protected agriculture development in Qinghai provinceand concluded its development scale, type and structure, as well as technologysupports. Besides, existing problems were proposed such as lower production-level,poor equipment, fewer specialized bases, and countermeasures include the following:leading protected agriculture development by macro-control; strengthening market su-pervision; improving scientific research and innovation to help S Status quo; Sustainable development; QinghaiProvince青海省设施蔬菜产业现状及发展对策陈来生1，李志成2，韩睿1，朱为民3*（1.青海大学农林科学院青海省蔬菜遗传与生理重点实验室 ，青海西宁 810016；2.青海省海东市农业技术推广中心 ，青海平安 811000；3.上海市农业科学院设施园艺所 ，上海奉贤 201403）摘 要 论文介绍了青海省设施农业的发展概况 ， 简要总结了青海省设施农业的规模 ，主要的设施类型和结构 ，设施基地的整体技术装备水平 ， 分析了目前存在的生产技术落后 、适用技术装备落后 、专业化生产基地少 、科技含量低等主要问题 ，提出了发展设施农业从宏观调控入手 ，引导设施蔬菜产业发展方向 ，加强市场监管以推进蔬菜向绿色健康产业发展 ，强化科研创新 、加快科技成果转化以推进设施蔬菜快速发展等对策 。关键词 设施农业 ；现状 ；可持续发展 ；青海省基金项目 青海省重大科技专项 “青海东部地区设施农业技术集成与示范 ”(2016-NK-A8)；上海市科技委员会 ，青海果洛设施蔬菜安全生态栽培技术研究与示范 (15395800203)。作者简介 陈来生 （1964-），男 ，山西临县人 ，研究员 ，研究方向设施农业 ，E-mail：chenls64163.com。 *通讯作者 ，E-mail：wmzhu69126.com。收稿日期 2017-07-03修回日期 2017-08-28DOI:10.16175/j.cnki.1009-4229.2017.09.043AgriculturalScience&Technology2017Responsible editor: Xiaoxue WANG Responsible proofreader: Xiaoyan WUgions equipped with 100 solar green-houses. Besides, with steel-frame so-lar greenhouses, Qinghai has con-structed infrastructure such as roads,water, and power supply and expandoff-season or rare vegetable base incontiguous areas. Furthermore, func-tional diversity of vegetable base helpsthe base change from single-produc-tion into leisure agriculture and from asingle-production base into a complex.The synthesis of primary, secondaryand tertiary sectors helps agricultureand rural development.Existing ProblemsFarming technology lagging behindand lower production-levelMost greenhouse bases are con-structed on basis of crop fields. Farm-ers usually lack technology skills orexperience, vegetable/fruit cultivationunder greenhouses in particular.Meanwhile, farmers are unfamiliar withsolar greenhouse maintenance andmanagement. Whats worse, horticul-ture professionals are too few to sup-ply service for farmers. An incompleteinvestigation show average yield oftomato and pepper is about 10 kg/m2under solar greenhouses, far lowercompared with the eastern area.Poorly equipped and structuredSolar greenhouses in Qinghai arepoorly equipped, including ventilatingsystem, irrigation and cooling system,so that micro-environment is hardlycontrolled and vegetable resistance tonatural disasters is poor, much less forcombined governing on light, temper-ature, water, and fertilizer. Its produc-tion per unit area could hardly equiva-lent to that in other developedprovinces or foreign production. Onthe other hand, thermal insulation ma-terials perform poorly in dust preven-tion, anti-aging, anti-fogging. A lack oflabor and equipment is the mainlyproblem to be addressed.Smaller scale and fewer specializedproduction basesIn solar greenhouses, vegetableproduction and marketing are both insolar greenhouses by individuals, sothat farmers education or experiencematters. We can conclude most basesare small-scaled and vegetables arelimited. In conclusion, farmers do nothave access to scaled standardseedling cultivation, training, or pro-duction marketing, making vegetableexamination, quality control and brandestablishment inconvenient.PoorcapacityforscientificresearchClimate characters in Qinghai,such as large diurnal temperature vari-ation, intense ultraviolet ray, rapid tem-perature rise and regular temperatureregulation, necessitate environmentalload in greenhouses according togreenhouse structure, parameter op-timization. Meanwhile, we should re-search the optimal environment forcrops based on vegetable species.Countermeasures for Pro-tected AgricultureTo enhance macro-control on pro-tected agricultureFirstly, we should change sup-porting course from protected agricul-ture scale to increasing area of solargreenhouse and improving productionlevel. Policy measures can be taken tohelp improve yield per unit area and in-crease farmers incomes. Secondly,we should give priority to scaled andstandard protected vegetable bases,helping protected agriculture transfor-mation and upgrading by modern S &T and management. Thirdly, weshould mobilize and organize farmersand establish special cooperative eco-nomic organizations, to help protectedagriculture development.To establish and improve marketmechanism for agricultural productand enhance supervision on pro-duction bases and marketWe should strengthen supervisionon pesticide residue and publicity sys-tem, agricultural product quality in-spection, agricultural base environ-ment protection, production process,technology guidance. The market ac-cess system can be implemented tohelp brand promotion.To accelerate S & T innovation andthe achievementtransformationFirstly, we should further exploreagricultural facilities in structure andmaterials and accelerate control onautomation equipment and green-house. We are moving to automatic,intelligent and unmanned control ongreenhouse to provide technology forsolar greenhouse upgrading. Second-ly, we should introduce and breedcharacteristic vegetable and developpollution-free production technologysuch as insect-proof net, biopesticide,anti-successive cropping obstacle, andfertigation to increase use rate of facil-ities and vegetable productivity.References1 WEI XH (魏晓花 ). Status quo and futuredevelopment of protected vegetables inQinghai Province (青海省海东地区蔬菜产业发展现状及今后发展思路 )J. Bei-jing Agriculture (北京农业 ), 2011, (15):231-232.2 DU ZP (杜中平 ), NIE SM (聂书明 ), XUHQ (徐海勤 ). Actual state and devel-opment measures on protected veg-etable in Qinghai Province (青海省设施蔬菜现状及发展对策 )J. Northern Hor-ticulture(北方园艺 ), 2010, (19): 58-60.3 LI L ( 李 莉 ), SHAO DK ( 邵 登 魁 ),ZHONG QW (钟启文 ), et al. The statusquo and development thought of veg-etable industry in Qinghai (青海省蔬菜产业现状与发展思路 ) J.Journal ofChina Capsicum(辣椒杂志 ), 2010, (03):1-4.4 GUO SW (郭守伟 ). 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