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2020 2 28 2 Chinese Journal of Eco Agriculture Feb 2020 28 2 286 295 E mail nwq E mail liangbh229 2019 07 18 2019 10 28 The study was supported by the Talent Reward Fund of Ningxia Dry Farming and Water Saving and High Efficiency Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center Corresponding author E mail nwq Received Jul 18 2019 accepted Oct 28 2019 DOI 10 13930 ki cjea 190543 J 2020 28 2 286 295 LIANG B H NIU W Q GUO L L WANG Y L WANG J W Effects of drip irrigation uniformity and amount on soil moisture and tomato yield in solar greenhouse J Chinese Journal of Eco Agriculture 2020 28 2 286 295 梁博惠 1 2 牛文全 2 3 郭丽丽 2 王愉乐 4 王京伟 5 1 750021 2 712100 3 712100 4 430072 5 030000 为探索灌水均匀系数与灌水量对温室番茄产量和土壤水分变化的影响 确定合理的滴灌灌水均匀系 数 本研究设置 65 75 和 85 3 个灌水均匀度水平 190 mm 220 mm 和 250 mm 3 个灌水量水平 测量番茄 生育期内土壤含水率及番茄产量 计算土壤含水率均匀系数和番茄灌溉水利用效率 结果表明 当灌水均匀系数 为 65 85 时 土壤水分均匀系数均值 82 57 93 76 接近或高于设置的滴灌灌水均匀系数的最大值 85 滴灌灌水均匀系数对土壤含水率均匀系数影响权重最大 灌水量 灌水均匀系数 土壤初始含水率均值 3 个影 响因素与土壤含水率均匀系数均值之间呈线性关系 P 0 05 决定系数为 0 918 当土壤初始含水率占田间持水 量比重 60 灌水量低于 15 mm 时 灌水均匀系数与灌水量二者的交互作用与土壤含水率均匀系数为显著线性 关系 P 0 05 其他情况下均无显著性关系 灌水量对产量为显著影响 P 0 05 灌水均匀系数及二者的交互作用 对番茄产量无显著影响 考虑产量及灌溉水分利用效率 灌水量 220 mm 灌水均匀系数 75 组合为最优组合 因此在西北地区 综合考虑经济性和系统的可靠性 建议下调现行滴灌灌水均匀系数标准 滴灌 灌水均匀系数 灌水量 土壤含水率均匀系数 番茄 S275 6 OSID Effects of drip irrigation uniformity and amount on soil moisture and tomato yield in solar greenhouse LIANG Bohui 1 2 NIU Wenquan 2 3 GUO Lili 2 WANG Yule 4 WANG Jingwei 5 1 Ningxia Institute of Water Resources Research Yinchuan 750021 China 2 College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering Northwest A 3 Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources of the People s Republic of China Yangling 712100 China 4 School of Water Resource and Hydropower Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China 5 College of Resources and Environment Shanxi University of Finance and Economics Taiyuan 030000 China Abstract Drip irrigation is an important factor associated with the water and fertilizer integration technology The uniformity 2 287 of drip irrigation is an important performance index to measure its quality Therefore choosing the appropriate drip uniformity can achieve the dual targets of cost effectiveness as well as high crop yield A field experiment was carried out from October 2016 to April 2017 in the Yangling Agricultural Hi tech Industries Demonstration Zone Shaanxi Province China Experimen tal treatments applied in the split plot design included three irrigation quantities in Zone A 190 mm 220 mm and 250 mm and three drip irrigation uniformities in Zone B 65 75 and 85 In the early stages of planting test no crop experiment was set up in the same area with only the drip irrigation belt laid and the experimental treatments were also applied in a split plot divided into main treatment Zone 1 and sub treatment Zone 2 The Zone 1 was treated with three irrigation quantities 5 mm 10 mm and 15 mm and in Zone 2 the same there drip irrigation uniformities to Zone B were set The results showed that when the irrigation uniformity was between 65 and 85 the mean soil moisture uniformity during entire growth period was higher than the highest drip irrigation uniformity 85 approximately The influence of drip irrigation uniformity on the uniformity coefficient of soil moisture was enormous There was a significantly linear relationship P 0 05 with de termination coefficient of 0 918 between the mean soil moisture uniformity and the three factors i e irrigation quantity irrigation uniformity and initial soil water content When the initial soil moisture was approximately 60 of the field capacity and the irrigation amount was less than 15 mm the interaction between the drip irrigation uniformity and the irrigation amount was linear P 0 05 and significantly related to the soil moisture uniformity In other cases there was no significant associa tion The irrigation amount had significant effect on tomoto the irrigation uniformity and their interaction had no significant effect on tomato yield Taking into account the yield and use efficiency of irrigation the combination of irrigation amount of 220 mm and drip irrigation uniformity of 75 was the optimal one Considering the economics and reliability of the system the method involving small amount of multiple irrigation should be chosen This was also suggested for the reduction in the standard of drip irrigation uniformity in the Northwest China Keywords Drip irrigation Drip uniformity coefficient Irrigation amount Soil moisture uniformity coefficient Tomato 1 GB T50485 2009 C u 80 2 E u 70 95 3 80 90 30 4 5 Wu 6 Warrick 7 8 Montazar 9 66 78 Medicago sativa Wilde 10 Gossypium spp 11 12 Zea mays 80 Bordovsky 13 14 15 Guan 16 17 Solanum lycopersicum 65 85 190 250 mm 1 材料与方法 1 1 2016 10 5 2017 4 2 288 2020 28 108 02 E 34 02 N 190 m 5 5 m 510 m 16 2 614 h 210 d 6 10 550 650 mm 1 400 mm 塿 0 02 mm 25 4 0 02 0 002 mm 44 1 0 002 mm 30 5 1 39 g cm 3 49 38 32 96 1 2 2016 10 1 2017 3 1 5 82 7 m 5 5 m 3 3 A 190 mm I1 220 mm I2 250 mm I3 3 1 B 65 C1 75 C2 85 C3 3 9 3 27 3 3 1 m SBS 2 4 m 5 5 m 39 cm 80 cm 39 5 10 m 1 7 L h 1 2 0 L h 1 2 2 L h 1 3 0 L h 1 5 3 L h 1 0 1 MPa 30 cm Monte Carlo 18 表 1 不同灌水量处理下番茄不同生育阶段的灌水量 Table 1 Irrigation amounts of tomato at different growth stages under different irrigation amount treatments mm Treatment Seeding stage Blooming and setting stage Fruiting period Last fruit ing period Total irrigation amount Irrigation date month day 10 25 11 10 12 05 12 16 12 22 01 01 01 12 01 27 02 14 10 01 03 01 I1 15 20 50 30 50 35 25 15 15 190 I2 15 20 40 30 40 25 20 15 15 220 I3 15 20 30 30 30 20 15 15 15 250 C u 19 C u 1 u 1 100 1 n i i qq n C q 1 q i i L h 1 q L h 1 n 3 61 78 87 5 1 2 1 5 mm Ia 10 mm Ib 15 mm Ic 2 B 65 C1 75 C2 85 C3 3 9 3 27 1 3 Burt 20 Kang 21 Field TDR 200 1 Trime 10 cm 3 TDR 15 1 2 289 1 Trime 10 cm 0 20 cm 20 30 cm 30 40 cm 40 50 cm 50 60 cm Field TDR 2 4 9 5 1 d 2 d 15 d Field TDR 2 80 cm 5 30 cm 10 cm 20 cm 30 cm 22 33 2 d 5 2 d 图 1 试验小区滴灌带和采样点布置图 Fig 1 Experiment plots arrangement plans of the drip irrigation tape and sampling plots C uw 19 1 uw 1 100 1 n i i N C 2 C uw i i N 3 4 5 I WUE WUE 100 Y I I 3 I WUE kg m 3 Y kg hm 2 I m 3 hm 2 1 4 Microsoft Excel 2007 SPSS 22 0 Duncan T Origin 9 0 Excel 3 2 结果与分析 2 1 2 1 1 2 0 20 cm 20 30 cm 30 40 cm 40 50 cm 50 60 cm 2 65 C1 290 2020 28 C1I3 C1I2 C1I1 C1 C2 C3 2 2 2 82 57 93 76 85 C3 20 30 cm 50 60 cm P 0 05 P 0 01 20 30 cm P0 05 P 0 05 P 0 01 C1 C2 and C3 indicate irrigation uniformity coefficients of 65 75 and 85 I1 I2 and I3 indicate irrigation amounts of 190 mm 220 mm and 250 mm NS means no significant difference at 0 05 level among different treatments and mean significant differences at 0 05 and 0 01 levels respectively among different treatments 2 291 2 1 2 2 I X 1 C u X 2 0 X 3 C uw 4 R 0 918 F 18 613 2 1 e 0 286 R 2 0 918 3 3 i r iy r y C u C uw I 0 C uw 0 167C u 0 001I 0 002 0 R 2 0 918 4 表 3 番茄生育期内土壤含水率均匀系数均值与影响因素的通径分析结果 Table 3 Path analysis result of mean soil moisture uniformity coefficient and influencing factors during tomato growth period Indirect path coefficient Variable Correlation coefficient r i Effect weight i Direct path coefficient p i r 1 p 1 r 2 p 2 r 3 p 3 Total Irrigation amount I X 1 0 614 0 641 0 642 0 438 0 015 0 453 Irrigation uniformity coefficient C u X 2 0 712 0 727 0 713 0 457 0 017 0 472 Initial soil water content 0 X 3 0 037 0 039 0 024 0 024 0 001 0 025 P 0 05 means significant effect at 0 05 level 2 2 5 15 mm 0 20 cm 58 65 20 30 cm 60 44 2 d 4 0 30 cm P 0 05 P 0 01 表 4 灌水均匀系数和灌水量对不同深度土壤含水率均匀系数影响的方差分析结果 Table 4 ANOVA of soil moisture uniformity coefficients at different soil depths for irrigation uniformity coefficient and irrigation amount Soil depth cm Irrigation amount I Irrigation uniformity coefficient C u I C u 0 20 NS NS 20 30 NS NS NS P 0 05 P 0 01 NS means no significant effect at 0 05 level and mean significant effects at 0 05 and 0 01 levels respectively I C u C uw 5 R 0 518 F 2 377 2 1 C uw 0 105C u 0 003 1I 0 773 R 0 518 5 2016 12 22 30 mm 40 mm 50 mm 2 d 1 d 3 50 93 65 59 5 5 20 50 cm 50 60 cm 0 60 cm 292 2020 28 5 30 50 cm 58 65 60 44 表 5 不同土壤初始含水率下灌水均匀系数和灌水量对土壤含水率均匀系数影响的方差分析结果 Table 5 ANOVA of soil moisture uniformity coefficients at differents soil depths for irrigation uniformity coefficient and irrigation amount under different initial soil water moistures Soil depth cm Initial soil moisture FC Resources of variance Christiansen method Irrigation amount I NS Irrigation uniformity coefficient C u NS 0 20 50 93 I C u NS Irrigation amount I Irrigation uniformity coefficient C u NS 20 30 55 07 I C u NS Irrigation amount I Irrigation uniformity coefficient C u NS 30 40 58 60 I C u NS Irrigation amount I Irrigation uniformity coefficient C u NS 40 50 60 52 I C u NS Irrigation amount I Irrigation uniformity coefficient C u NS 50 60 65 59 I C u NS FC NS P 0 05 P 0 05 P 0 01 FC is the proportion of field moisture capacity NS means no significant effect at 0 05 level and mean significant effects at 0 05 and 0 01 levels respectively 60 15 mm 2 3 6 74 63 87 39 t hm 2 12 76 t hm 2 8 62 kg m 3 I1 I2 C2 C1 3 52 12 08 t hm 2 250 mm C1 C1 C3 220 mm 75 3 讨论 65 85 190 250 mm 23 14 Brassica pekinensis 24 2 293 表 6 灌水均匀系数和灌水量对番茄产量及灌溉水分利用效率的影响 Table 6 Effects of irrigation uniformity coefficient and irrigation amount on yield and irrigation water use efficiency of tomato Treatment Total water irrigation mm Total yield t hm 2 Irrigation water use efficiency kg m 3 C1I1 190 74 63 3 96b 39 28 2 08abc C2I1 190 78 15 6 88ab 41 13 3 62a C3I1 190 76 83 1 50ab 40 44 0 79ab C1I2 220 74 82 3 15b 34 01 1 43d C2I2 220 86 90 8 31a 39 50 3 78abc C3I2 220 77 80 7 44ab 35 36 3 38bcd C1I3 250 87 39 11 69a 34 96 4 67cd C2I3 250 81 28 0 95ab 32 51 0 38d C3I3 250 86 60 2 64ab 34 64 1 06cd F F value I 4 378 11 735 C u 0 590 NS 0 785 NS I C u 0 814 NS 1 725 NS C1 C2 C3 65 75 85 I1 I2 I3 190 mm 220 mm 250 mm NS P 0 05 P 0 05 P 0 01 C1 C2 and C3 indicate irrigation uniformity coefficients of 65 75 and 85 I1 I2 and I3 indicate irrigation amounts of 190 mm 220 mm and 250 mm NS means no significant difference at 0 05 level among different treatments and mean significant differences at 0 05 and 0 01 levels respectively among different treatments 25 26 Hawke 27 Liu 28 29 1 9 5 5 0 64 0 72 0 039 29 60 15 mm 29 30 17 75 65 4 结论 1 65 85 82 57 294 2020 28 93 76 85 3 P 0 05 0 918 2 60 15 mm P 0 05 3 220 mm 75 参考文献 References 1 G 2003 LI J S ZHANG J J XUE K Z Principles and Applications of Fertigation through Drip Irrigation Systems G Beijing China Agricultural Science and Technology Press 2003 2 GB T 50485 2009 S 2009 Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development of the People s Republic of China General Administration of Qual ity Supervision Inspection and Quarantine of the People s Republic of China GB T 50485 2009 Technical Code for Microirrigation Engineering S Beijing China Planning Press 2009 3 ASAE Standards EP405 1 Design and Installation of Mi croirrigation Systems S St 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